1 Timothy

Universalism is the false teaching that all people will ultimately end up in heaven. According to Universalists, one can die in denial of Christ and/or open rebellion to God and still go to heaven. They teach that there will be a reconciliation between all mankind and God in the afterlife. So, according to this notion, in heaven we’ll be palling around with the likes of Adolph Hitler, Mao Zedong, Joseph Stalin, Pol Pot, etc. These men committed the vilest sins imaginable and, presumably, died never regretting their rejection of God. Universalists say we’ll see them in heaven.

God saves all those who have obedient faith in Him. Therefore, God would have even saved men such as those mentioned above if they repented of their sins and placed their trust in Jesus. That is, if they had done so before they died.

Back in the 1990’s, someone at my church announced that we had a new brother in Christ. We were told that Jeffrey Dahmer had repented of his sins and was baptized in prison.¹ I can still remember my shock that God had just let a serial killer off the hook! It violated my sense of justice.

Is there any spiritual value in denying ourselves of things which are not sinful and which God created for our pleasure (1 Tim 6:17)? Church history is full of examples of people who engaged in various forms of rigid self-denial assuming that it would bring them closer to God. Does bodily exercise have spiritual benefits? In 1 Timothy 4:7-8, Paul deals with another facet of asceticism that was a problem in the Ephesian church. It took the form of physical training.

The definition of asceticism is “1. the practices or way of life of an ascetic. 2. the religious doctrine that one can reach a higher spiritual state by rigorous self-discipline and self-denial.”² In turn, an ascetic is “a person who leads a life of contemplation and rigorous self-denial, especially for religious purposes.”³ What Paul is addressing in his letter to Timothy is severe bodily self-denial which they believed to be a means of attaining some spiritual objective.

In the prior articles we’ve noted that Christians who believe all foods are clean under the New Covenant are correct. However, they may be correct for the wrong reasons. This is because Mark 7:19 and Acts 10:5-10 do not actually teach that the Old Testament dietary laws are no longer in effect.

If these passages do not teach that it is acceptable for Christians to eat all foods, which ones do? Romans 14 and 1 Timothy 4 are two chapters that plainly and directly state that all food is clean and therefore fit for human consumption. However, there is a little catch. 

Paul taught that if we are in the presence of those who believe that some foods are off limits, we must abstain if our eating tempts them to violate their conscience. This isn’t much of a problem in most modern settings. However, in the early church (as in some circumstances today) there were those whose scruples would not allow them to eat certain foods.

In Paul’s first letter to Timothy, he warned that in the church age (last days) many would depart from the faith and that false teachers would go forth speaking lies (1 Tim 4:1-2). What lies would they speak? Some of their lies undermined marriage. Paul dealt with marriage issues in chapter two and he’ll have more to say about marriage in chapter five. Other lies were about what foods God allows under the New Covenant. Under the Old Covenant some foods were off limits. What about now? Are Christians required to keep Old Testament dietary laws?

Paul rather bluntly says that those who teach we should abstain from certain foods are lying! He unequivocally says that God created all foods and we are to reject none of them.

3 who forbid marriage and require abstinence from foods that God created to be received with thanksgiving by those who believe and know the truth. 4 For everything created by God is good, and nothing is to be rejected if it is received with thanksgiving, 5 for it is made holy by the word of God and prayer. (1 Tim. 4:3–5 ESV)